Skin sebaceous cysts are benign (non-cancerous) growths that usually do not cause significant problems. They are common, affecting at least 20% of adults, and can vary in size from a few millimetres to up to 5 centimetres.

These cysts are typically painless unless they become inflamed, damaged, or infected. However, they can grow larger over time and may develop into abscesses. Most cysts do not require treatment if they remain small and asymptomatic. The best approach is to keep the area clean and avoid interference. Surgical removal may be necessary if the cyst causes discomfort, irritation, or appears atypical or suspicious for cancer.

If a cyst becomes bothersome, it is important to seek medical advice rather than attempting to pick, rub, or squeeze it. Such actions can cause damage, worsen any infection, and lead to redness or inflammation.

When removing a cyst, the aim is to extract it completely, as recurrence is possible if part of the sac wall remains. Small cysts can often be removed under local anaesthesia. In less common cases, such as large cysts or those in sensitive areas like the perineum, surgical removal under general anaesthesia may be required.

If a cyst bursts or forms an abscess, treatment involves incision and drainage or debridement of the abscess. Post-surgery, the wound may need daily cleaning and dressing. For deep-seated cavities, vacuum-assisted dressings may be recommended to accelerate healing. A course of antibiotics is usually prescribed to address cellulitis (redness and infection) around the abscess site.